ENHANCING PROTEIN UTILIZATION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN STRIPED CATFISH WITH CINNAMALDEHYDE AND OPTIMIZED ENERGY-TO-PROTEIN RATIOS

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.20.2.2025.221-230

Keywords:

cinnamaldehyde, energy-to-protein ratio, growth, protein-sparing effect, striped catfish

Abstract

Efficient dietary protein utilization is essential to reduce feed costs and environmental impacts in sustainable aquaculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) supplementation in feed with various energy-to-protein (E:P) ratios on the chemical composition of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The five feed formulas that made up the treatment feed were as follows: 28:13-C0 (28 % Protein with an E:P ratio of 13 and CIN 0 g kg-1); 25:14-C1 (25 % protein with an E:P ratio of 14 and CIN 1.2 g kg-1); 25:14-C2 (25 % protein with an E:P ratio of 14 and CIN 1.7 g kg-1); 25:15-C1 (25 % protein with an E:P ratio of 15 and CIN 1.2 g kg-1); and 25:15-C2 (25 % Protein with an E:P ratio of 15 and CIN 1.7 g kg-1). Striped catfish weighing 28.06 ± 0.19 g were placed in a hapa (2 × 1 × 1 m3) at a density of 25 fish per cage. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily for 60 d. The 25:14-C2, 25:15-C1, and 25:15-C2 diets increased albumin levels and reduced cholesterol, while 25:15-C2 also yielded the highest total protein and lowest triglyceride levels. Growth performance and feed efficiency were comparable among 28:13-C0, 25:14-C2, 25:15-C1, and 25:15-C2 (final weight: 141.62–143.75 g; FCR: 1.16–1.19). Protein efficiency ratio was highest in 25:15-C1 and 25:15-C2, whereas protein retention peaked in 25:14-C2. The hepatosomatic index was elevated in 25:14-C1, 25:14-C2, and 25:15-C1. Body lipid content was highest in 25:15-C1, while muscle lipid content was lowest in 25:14-C2 and 25:15-C1. Reducing dietary protein from 28 % to 25 % did not compromise growth performance at the E:P ratio level of 15 with a supplementation of 1.2 g kg-1 CIN.

Author Biographies

Imam Tri Wahyudi, IPB University

Study Program of Technology and Management of Applied Aquaculture, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University

Dedi Jusadi, IPB University

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680. Indonesia

Mia Setiawati, IPB University

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680. Indonesia

Julie Ekasari, IPB University

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680. Indonesia

Muhammad Agus Suprayudi, IPB University

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680. Indonesia

Mohamad Iqbal Kurniawinata, IPB University

Study Program of Technology and Management of Applied Aquaculture, College of Vocational Studies, IPB University

Ainulyakin Hasan Imlani, Mindanao State University

Aquaculture Department, College of Fisheries, Mindanao State University Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Sanga-Sanga, Bongao 7500, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines

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2025-12-23

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Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): (December, 2025)

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