PENDEKATAN SPASIOTEMPORAL DALAM MENILAI DINAMIKA IKAN KARANG UNTUK MENDUKUNG KEBIJAKAN KONSERVASI LAUT DI KAWASAN PULAU PIEH (2021–2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.17.2.2025.151-161Keywords:
Ikan karang, kawasan konservasi, kelimpahan, terumbu karangAbstract
Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem penting yang mendukung keanekaragaman hayati laut, dengan ikan karang memainkan peran kunci dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kelimpahan ikan karang dan struktur komunitas terumbu karang secara spasial dan temporal di Kawasan Konservasi Pulau Pieh, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang didapatkan dari 16 stasiun pengamatan yang tersebar di berbagai zonasi konservasi (zona inti, pemanfaatan, dan rehabilitasi) pada kedalaman 5–10 meter, menggunakan metode Underwater Visual Census (UVC) untuk ikan karang dan Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) untuk terumbu karang. Data sekunder didapatkan dari hasil monitoring pengelola kawasan konservasi selama tahun 2021-2024 pada periode yang sama setiap tahun. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman ikan karang berada pada kategori sedang (1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3), keseragaman komunitas sedang hingga tinggi (E > 0,5), dan dominansi rendah (C < 0,5), yang mengindikasikan kondisi ekosistem yang sehat. Hasil Component Analysis (CA) kelimpahan ikan karang dan tutupan karang menunjukan adanya keterkaitan antara stasiun pengamatan, tutupan karang dan kelimpahan ikan. Penurunan tutupan karang dan kelimpahan ikan pada tahun 2024 menandakan adanya pengaruh dari tekanan ekologis maupun aktivitas antropogenik sehingga pengelolaan yang optimal dan pengetahuan masyarakat perlu ditingkatkan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar ilmiah dalam pengelolaan kawasan konservasi secara efektif dan berkelanjutan.
Coral reefs are vital ecosystems that support marine biodiversity, with reef fishes playing a key role in maintaining the balance of these ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal relationship between reef fish abundance and coral reef community structure in the Pieh Island Marine Conservation Area, West Sumatra. The research used primary data conducted at 16 observation stations across different conservation zones (core, utilization, and rehabilitation zones) at depths of 5–10 meters, using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method for reef fish and the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method for coral reefs. Secondary data was obtained from monitoring conducted by conservation area managers during the same period each year from 2021 to 2024. The results showed that reef fish diversity was in the moderate category (1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3), community evenness was stable in moderate to high (E > 0.5), and dominance was low (C < 0.5), indicating a healthy ecosystem condition. The Component Analysis (CA) of reef fish abundance and coral cover revealed a correlation between observation stations, coral cover, and fish abundance. A decline in coral cover and fish abundance in 2024 indicates the influence of ecological stress and anthropogenic activities, highlighting the need for improved management and increased community awareness. The results of this study can serve as a scientific basis for effective and sustainable marine conservation area management.
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